Flower diversity may mitigate insecticide effects on wild bees  [03.02.21]

Research team led by the University of Göttingen with participation of the University of Hohenheim emphasizes the benefits of diversifying flower resources

Inside one of the enclosure cages: flowering oilseed rape, flower mixture and nest for wild bees. | Image: Felix Klaus/University of Göttingen, Key visual: Potente/unger+

In their experiment, the researchers investigated how successfully the wild bee Osmia bicornis (red mason bee) reproduced. Red mason bees are important for both ecological and economic reasons. The wild bees were experimentally kept in more than 50 large enclosure cages with flower mixtures of varying wild plant diversity and insecticide-treated oilseed rape. Subsequently, the reproductive success of the wild bees, as measured by the number of their brood cells and emerged offspring, was investigated over several months.

The research team found that the number of cells that the wild bees created for their offspring where species-rich flowering mixtures were available was twice that of wild bees where only oilseed rape was available. The reproductive success of the wild bees, which have to supply their offspring with pollen and nectar, increased both in cages with a large diversity of flowering plants and where there were particularly important plant species. In contrast, if oilseed rape treated with clothianidin (from the neonicotinoid class of insecticides), was available to the bees, this had a negative effect on their reproductive success. However, this negative effect of the insecticide only occurred in cages with oilseed rape monocultures, which suggests that such effects can be mitigated by alternative food resources from species-rich flowering mixtures.

The study shows that both the diversity of flowering plants and exposure to insecticides significantly influence the reproductive success of wild bees, and shows that a high diversity of flowering plants could compensate for the negative effects of insecticides. "One possible explanation is that bee larvae benefit from additional nutrients, and are exposed to fewer insecticides, when the pollen of other plant species besides oilseed rape is available to them," explains Felix Klaus, first author of the study and PhD student in the Agroecology Group at Göttingen University.

"Our results emphasise the important role of species-rich resources of flowers for wild bees," adds Professor Ingo Grass, head of the Department of Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems at the University of Hohenheim. "If sufficiently diverse flowers are available in the agricultural landscape, this could counteract the negative effects of monocultures and insecticides," says Professor Teja Tscharntke, Head of the Agroecology Group at Göttingen University.

Original publication: Felix Klaus et al. (2021): Floral resource diversification promotes solitary bee reproduction and may offset insecticide effects – evidence from a semi-field experiment. Ecology Letters. DOI: 10.1111/ele.13683 or here to see the paper: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ele.13683

View from above showing the experimental setup
Bildquelle: Felix Klaus/University of Göttingen

Inside one of the enclosure cages: flowering oilseed rape, flower mixture and nest for wild bees.
Bildquelle: Felix Klaus/University of Göttingen

Female red mason bee approaching her nest
Bildquelle: Felix Klaus/University of Göttingen

Contact for press:

Prof. Dr. Ingo Grass, University of Hohenheim, Department of Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems
T +49 711 459 22385, E ingo.grass@uni-hohenheim.de

Felix Klaus, University of Göttingen, Department of Crop Sciences – Agroecology Group
T +49 551 3922359, E felix.klaus@uni-goettingen.de

Prof. Dr. Teja Tscharntke, University of Göttingen, Department of Crop Sciences – Agroecology Group
T +49 551 399209, E ttschar@gwdg.de

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